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© Ulisse Online
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ItalianWritten by Nino Maiorino
January 31, 2022
A few days after the commemoration of Holocaust Remembrance Day, and so that we do not forget the true scale of that catastrophe, two stories involving children come to mind. The first concerns direct violence against helpless beings whose only “fault” was to have been born under that regime. The second concerns indirect violence against children who were manipulated and used as instruments against their own families.
When we speak about such things, we cannot limit the discussion to the Nazi SS. We must also include everyone who, in the name of some supposed right to dominate others, committed sometimes indescribable crimes against the weak and the defeated.
On the eastern outskirts of Berlin, in Treptower Park, stands a 12-meter statue of a Soviet soldier with a weapon in his hand and a German girl in his arms, his foot resting on a shattered swastika. The colossal scale of the monument reflects the scale of the slaughter, yet one cannot avoid noticing the inscription stating that the Soviet people saved European civilization from fascism.
For many Germans this memorial acquired the ironic nickname “The Tomb of the Unknown Rapist.”
Vladimir Gelfand was a young Jewish lieutenant from central Ukraine who, from 1941 until the end of the war, kept a diary with unusual frankness, describing wartime atrocities.
In his diary he recounts how his comrades surrounded and destroyed a battalion of German women combatants.
The lieutenant writes that the captured women said they were avenging husbands killed at the front and that the Soviet soldiers felt they should be destroyed without mercy. Some suggested stabbing them through the genitals, but he believed simply executing them was sufficient.
Historian Antony Beevor, while working on his book The Downfall, found documents on sexual violence in the archives of the Russian Federation. The records had been collected by the Soviet secret police and sent to Lavrentiy Beria at the end of 1944.
The documents describe mass rapes in East Prussia and cases in which German women tried to kill themselves or their children in order to escape that fate.
In Svetlana Alexievich's book The Unwomanly Face of War, which brings together the memories of Soviet veterans, a former Russian officer recalls: “We were young, strong, and had been without women for four years. We caught German women, and ten men raped one girl. There were not enough women; the whole population was fleeing from the Red Army. So we took girls of twelve or thirteen. If they cried, we covered their mouths. We thought it was funny. Now I cannot understand how we could do it. I came from a good family... but that was me.”
Yet the mausoleum itself falsifies history because it is crowned by the enormous statue of a soldier rescuing a little girl while resting his sword on a broken swastika.
The statue was created by Soviet sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich. The soldier was modeled on Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Ivanovich Masalov, who during the final fighting in central Berlin risked his life under Nazi machine-gun fire to rescue a three-year-old German girl whose mother had disappeared.
We call the image misleading because, although the story of the rescued girl is true, many Soviet soldiers did not hesitate to use brutal violence against women and girls.
It is now time to tell the opposite story—one involving SS men and German children who, because of their appearance, were considered representatives of the “Aryan race,” to be preserved and educated as faithful followers of Hitler.
In the summer of 1943, Małgorzata Twardecki, a single mother living in Nazi-occupied Poland, was ordered to bring her five-year-old son Alojzy to the municipal hall.
The boy had blond hair and blue eyes. When his mother refused to obey, SS men seized him by force, put him on a train, and took him away.
Years later, when the boy returned home through a special family-reunification program, his mother discovered with horror what had been done to him. The brainwashing had been so intense that when he saw his father remove a portrait of the now-dead and defeated Hitler from the wall, he called his father a traitor.
Hundreds of thousands of mothers experienced a similar tragedy during the Nazi occupation. It is estimated that around 200,000 children were abducted in Poland and roughly the same number elsewhere in Europe, for a total of about 400,000 children.
The purpose of this insane plan, part of the broader Generalplan Ost for the ethnic cleansing of Eastern Europe, was to abduct children who looked Aryan, take them to special reeducation centers, and Germanize them.
In a speech in October 1943 Heinrich Himmler declared: “It is our duty to take their children with us, to remove them from their environment, if necessary by kidnapping or stealing them, and to send them to Germany.”
Although the Nazis regarded Poles as an inferior race, they were particularly struck by the large proportion of children with blond hair and blue eyes. They therefore convinced themselves that these children were descendants of German blood and that abducting them was both necessary and just in order to return them to the role supposedly intended for them.
As early as October 1939 Hitler established the Reich Commissariat for the Strengthening of Germandom under the indirect control of Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS.
The commissariat identified 62 physical criteria for classifying children's “Germanness” and divided them into eleven categories, from the purest to the least pure. The criteria included hair and eye color, nose length, lip thickness, posture, skull size, head shape, and even the dimensions of the pelvic area in girls.
Children between the ages of two and six who were deemed Aryan were sent to Lebensborn children's homes, where they waited to be adopted, mainly by senior party officials or SS officers.
They were given false birth certificates asserting German origins and new names that concealed their Polish background.
The children were subjected to intensive brainwashing intended to convince them that they had always been German. Those who failed the racial selection were sent to concentration camps, where they often became subjects of medical experiments.
Children from six to twelve were sent to Germany and placed in special schools where they were trained to become exemplary Aryans and loyal Nazis. They were taught German, forced to forget their native language, made to wear uniforms bearing the swastika, sing military songs, and think like committed Nazis. They too were later placed for adoption, although girls of certain ages were sometimes sent to maternity homes where SS members raped and impregnated them.
The abductions were carried out in various ways. The SS preferred deception to force because it sped up operations and reduced resistance. Fake summer-holiday trips were organized; parents were persuaded to gather their children for sham ceremonies; and sometimes children were simply taken directly from schools so that parents could not intervene.
In July 1943 Himmler issued a decree stating that all racially suitable children born to women from occupied territories who had been sent to work in factories or on farms automatically became the property of the Reich. They were taken immediately after birth and examined; those who failed to meet Aryan criteria were killed.
So-called “Brown Sisters” were created—nurses who dedicated themselves to the Nazi cause. They traveled through villages and towns looking for Aryan children. Sweets and candy were used to attract the children; the nurses befriended them, learned whether they had similar-looking brothers or sisters, and reported suitable candidates for abduction to the SS.
After the war the Polish government created a special program to reunite abducted children with their families. The search was extraordinarily difficult, and according to available figures only about 40,000 of the more than 200,000 children taken by the Nazis returned home. Sadly, nothing is known even today about the fate of many others.
This is the truth that must be conveyed to today's generation of children, who do not know about those tragedies, so that such violence is not repeated because of ignorance for which all of us bear responsibility.