The Soviet Red Army: The Terror of Berlin’s Women in 1945
People and Events | October 1, 2023
At
the end of the Second World War, precisely in the days when Europe was
escaping the yoke of fascism and Nazism, the largest mass rapes in
modern history took place. Berlin women were terrified by the invasion
of Germany by Red Army units and by the indiscriminate rapes committed
by Stalin’s soldiers.
According to documents published on the Hungarian historical news website mult-kor.hu, many women were able to avoid gang rape only by becoming the mistresses of high-ranking officers.
Heroism and the Shadow of War: Treptower Park
According to official statistics:
-
Around 80,000 Soviet soldiers were killed in the Battle of Berlin;
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More than 200,000 were wounded.
Soviet
people saved European civilization from the fascist catastrophe.
However, the Monument to the Unknown Soldier in Berlin’s
Treptower Park is often called the “Tomb of the Unknown Rapist,”
alluding to the sexual violence allegedly committed by Soviet soldiers
against countless Berlin women — relatives of German soldiers as
well as members of the civilian population.
Many
Russians deny the crimes of the Red Army, claiming they are a myth
created by the West to blacken the Soviet Union. The evidence, however,
is too obvious.
Evidence of the Era: A Two-Diary View of the Tragedy
By
reading two diaries written between the spring and autumn of 1945, we
can better understand what happened during those terrible months.
1. The Diary of Captain Vladimir Gelfand
The first diary belonged to Captain Vladimir Gelfand, a Jew from central Ukraine. The diary was found by his son Vitaly in the attic of the house where the family had lived.
“My father saw many terrible scenes on the way to Berlin,” Vitaly said. “He
passed through many villages whose inhabitants had been almost
completely exterminated by the Nazis; children were not spared, and
women’s bodies bore signs of rape.”
Vitaly
added that the Red Army was no less brutal than the Nazis, especially
because of the blind hatred among Red Army soldiers inflamed by
Stalinist propaganda:
“Comrades!
We are on German soil, in the tiger’s lair of the fascists! The
hour of revenge has come — we must torture the relatives of the
fascists!”
One
of the most terrible episodes in Lieutenant Gelfand’s diary is
his unit’s encounter with a group of German women on the
outskirts of Berlin:
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“With
fear on their faces they told us what had happened on the first night
after the Red Army arrived. One girl pointed beneath her skirt and
said, ‘There were more than twenty of them down there!’
— then she burst into tears.”
-
Then something unexpected happened: “She begged me: ‘Stay here with me! Sleep with me or do whatever you want with me. But only you!’”
It turned out that the humiliated girl hoped in this bitter way to avoid another gang rape.
2. The Diary of an Anonymous German Woman ("A Woman in Berlin")
The second diary was written by an unidentified 30-year-old German journalist and was later published as A Woman in Berlin,
eventually becoming a bestseller. Begun ten days before Hitler’s
suicide, it tells the story of the woman and her neighbors hiding in a
cellar.
Under these conditions, women bitterly shared a saying:
“A Russian upstairs is better than an American in the clouds”
(meaning that being gang-raped by Russian soldiers was preferable to being killed in an American air raid).
When
Red Army soldiers burst into the cellar, the woman used what little
Russian she knew in an effort to persuade them not to rape the women.
But literally a moment later, she herself became a victim of sexual
violence.
Survival Strategy: "Finding a Wolf"
The
diary, first published in 1959, leads the author to a logical
conclusion: she needs to find a “wolf” — a
high-ranking officer — in order to avoid further rapes. She finds
a captain from Leningrad, and together they discuss literature and the
meaning of life.
“Being raped is not the most important thing. I am going to get smoked meat, butter, sugar, and canned food,” the woman admits in the diary.
Historical Suppression and Modern Context
After 1945:
In 2008, A Woman in Berlin
was adapted for the screen, helping encourage more and more women to
share their experiences of events in the final days of the war and its
aftermath.
However,
many of these crimes may remain unknown forever — partly because
of a law of the Russian State Duma providing for up to five
years’ imprisonment for “denigrating” the role of the
Soviet Union in the Second World War.
Source: mult-kor.hu