Чья бы мычала |
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| 6 Oktober 2021 |
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| На волне борьбы с нашей памятью о Великой Победе над фашизмом в последние годы устойчиво укрепляется и получает поддержку у отечественных ультралибералов миф про Весь миф опирается на некие дневники очевидцев. То, что происхождение дневников само по себе довольно мутное, никого не смущает. Впрочем, судите сами: Лейтенант Владимир Гельфанд
А вот ещё один дневник. Тут и вовсе авторсто не указано. Зато опубликован он в 1959 году в самый разгар Холодной войны:
Вот так вот без каких-либо документов, основываясь лишь на записях дневников непонятного происхождения, перемежая правду о страданиях, причинённых нацистами советскому народу, с вымыслом о стремлении советских солдат мстить, мстить и мстить, и создаются подобные мифы. Впрочем, делается это весьма искусно. Не забывая при этом указать, что и союзники также насиловали, но масштабы, разумеется, несопоставимы. Да и наказывали за это строго. Хотя за немок не расстреливали.
Следует заметить, что советское командование задолго до Берлинской операции и вступления советских войск на территорию Германии озаботилось возможными проявлениями. И уже в феврале 1945 года вышел знаменательный сталинский приказ 229, согласно которому запрещались любые сексуальные связи советских военнослужащих с немками и представительницами других наций на завоеванных территориях. За ослушание грозил трибунал, а за изнасилование – расстрел. Как это работало, можно представить, зная о непреклонной воле советских СМЕРШевцев, полит и особотделов. Тем не менее, По официальны данным, только за год - с 1945-го по 1946-й - трибуналы осудили за подобные действия порядка 4 тысяч военнослужащих. То есть, даже, если предположить, что часть историй с изнасилованиями замалчивалась, осталась невыявленной, всё равно на два миллиона никак не вытягивает. Да и не было это никогда массовым явлением ни в Русской, ни в Советской армии. Правда, есть ещё одно, на сей раз документированное свидетельство. Речь идёт об абортах с июня по октябрь 1945 года в Нойкелльне, одном из 24 районов Берлина. То, что они сохранились нетронутыми – маленькое чудо. В Германии того времени аборты были запрещены согласно статье 218 уголовного кодекса. Но Люхтерханд говорит, что после войны был короткий промежуток времени, когда женщинам было разрешено прерывать беременность. Особая ситуация была связана с массовыми изнасилованиями в 1945 году. С июня 1945 по 1946 год только в этом районе Берлина было одобрено 995 просьб об аборте. Папки содержат более тысячи страниц разного цвета и размера. Одна из девушек округлым детским почерком пишет, что была изнасилована дома, в гостиной на глазах своих родителей. Но 995 просьб об аборте, пусть и в одном районе Берлина, как-то мало коррелируют даже с десятками или сотнями тысяч изнасилований. Не говоря уже о миллионах. Полностью и с пропущенными подробностями статья ВВС находится здесь. Но самая изюминка не в этом мифе. Самая изюминка в том, что этот миф очень любят педалировать наши недавние соседи по социалистическому блоку поляки. Чьё особенно гуманное отношение к немецкому населению тщательно документировалось советскими органами и в угоду интернациональной социалистической дружбе замалчивалось. Недавно же Российское военно-историческое общество опубликовало любопытные документы о депортации немцев с территорий переданных в 1945 г. под управление польской администрации. Почему же об этом молчит демократическая мировая общественность? Или это кого надо "отношение"? Ведь, там же на самом деле варварство не имеющие и намёка на гуманность попросту зашкаливало. Впрочем, судите сами:
Вдумайтесь, более полутора лет после освобождения Польши от нацистов 3,5–3,6 млн. немцев проживало с поляками бок о бок. И вот прозвучал сигнал: "Мочи не наших!" И поляков как сорвало. |
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© Livejournal
RussianLiveJournal
6 October 2021
Look Who’s Talking
Against the background of the struggle against our memory of the Great Victory over fascism, a myth about an enormous, practically countless mass of German women allegedly raped by Soviet soldiers has steadily become entrenched in recent years and gained support among domestic ultra-liberals.
The BBC claims figures of 100,000 in Berlin alone and as many as two million throughout Germany. Let us examine this narrative.
The entire thesis rests heavily on certain eyewitness diaries whose provenance is rather murky.
Vladimir Gelfand, a young Jew from Ukraine, kept notes from 1941 until the end of the war with unusual candor, despite the prohibition against keeping diaries in the Soviet Army. His son Vitaly discovered the manuscript while sorting his father's papers after his death and allowed the author of the BBC article to read it. The diary was initially made available online, published in abridged editions in Germany and Sweden, and subsequently published as a book in Russia.
The diary recounts a lack of order and discipline in regular units, including meager rations, lice, routine antisemitism, and endless theft.
The Legend of the "Female Battalion": In February 1945, while stationed near the Oder preparing for the offensive on Berlin, Gelfand recorded how his comrades captured a German women's battalion:
“The day before yesterday a women’s battalion was operating on the left flank. It was utterly defeated, and the captured German she-cats declared themselves avengers of husbands killed at the front. I do not know what was done with them, but the scoundrels ought to have been executed without mercy.”
Encounter on the Spree (April 25, 1945): While riding a bicycle along the Spree in Berlin, Gelfand encountered a group of women carrying suitcases and bundles. In broken German, he asked why they had left their homes, and they recounted in horror the grief caused by advance troops during the first night of the Red Army's arrival. A young German woman described being raped by multiple men and invited Gelfand to stay in their cellar to protect her.
German soldiers had committed monstrous crimes on Soviet territory over nearly four years. Gelfand encountered evidence of these atrocities as his unit advanced. His son Vitaly noted that soldiers marched through destroyed villages where children—including infants—had been killed, driven by a goal to take revenge.
Although Nazi ideology prohibited sexual contact between the Wehrmacht and populations deemed "subhumans," historian Oleg Budnitsky points out that this ban was routinely ignored. German command even organized a network of army brothels in occupied territories to control venereal disease.
At the German-Russian Museum in Berlin, Director Jörg Morré highlights photographs from German soldiers' private albums showing victims of sexual violence in the Soviet Union to demonstrate the realities of the war.
When the Red Army entered Germany, propaganda posters initially fueled fury: “Soldier, you are on German soil. The hour of revenge has struck!” Although political departments asserted that Soviet soldiers would be repulsed by the thought of contact with German women, ideological expectations differed from reality on the ground.
Historian Antony Beevor, researching his book Berlin: The Downfall (2002), found NKVD reports sent to Lavrenty Beria and passed to Stalin at the end of 1944 describing widespread sexual violence in East Prussia and cases of German women committing suicide to escape that fate.
Another anonymous diary published in 1959 describes soldiers entering a cellar and committing sexual assault despite official prohibitions, illustrating the breakdown of order in specific instances.
To counter abuses, the Soviet command issued measures prior to entering Berlin:
Order No. 229: Issued by Stalin in February 1945, this order strictly prohibited sexual relations with local women in conquered territories. Offences were subject to tribunals, and rape carried the death penalty.
Tribunal Convictions: Official data shows that between 1945 and 1946, military tribunals convicted approximately 4,000 servicemen for crimes against civilians.
Neukölln Abortion Records: In the Berlin district of Neukölln, surviving records show that 995 abortion requests were approved between June 1945 and 1946 under temporary exemptions to Section 218 of the criminal code. Analysts argue that while 995 cases in a single district reflect real trauma, the figure does not support claims of hundreds of thousands or millions of cases across the country.
Sexual violence during World War II was not unique to the Red Army. Historian Bob Lilly (Northern Kentucky University) examined U.S. military court records for his book Taken by Force:
Lilly calculated that U.S. soldiers committed approximately 14,000 rapes in England, France, and Germany between 1942 and 1945.
Incidents increased sharply once troops crossed the English Channel into continental Europe.
General Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered that rapists be executed at the scene and reported in military newspapers like Stars and Stripes.
Lilly confirmed that while U.S. soldiers were executed for crimes elsewhere, no American soldier was executed for the rape or murder of a German civilian in Germany.
While narratives regarding Berlin in 1945 receive significant attention, the treatment and deportation of the German population from territories placed under Polish administration were carefully documented by Soviet agencies and long kept quiet for diplomatic reasons.
In September 2021, the Russian Military Historical Society published declassified archival materials regarding the expulsion of Germans from these regions.
Postwar Agreements: Conferences of the "Big Three" altered Germany's borders and mandated the deportation of Germans from Poland to create nationally homogeneous states.
Control Council Plan: In November 1945, the Allied Control Council approved a plan to move 3.5 million Germans from Poland (1.5 million to the British zone and 2 million to the Soviet zone).
Implementation: In September 1946, Poland issued a decree "on excluding persons of German nationality from Polish society". Departures occurred via designated assembly points in Szczecin, Kaławsk, Gdynia, and Gdańsk under Polish guard.
Population Movement: Between 1946 and 1949, Polish authorities moved between 2.4 and 3.6 million Germans out of former Third Reich territories, while over 4.5 million Poles settled in these areas by 1950.
Archival records reveal that the expulsion was accompanied by widespread violence and harsh conditions imposed by local authorities:
“The Poles are cruel; you cannot imagine how they torment people. They rob them and force them to starve to death. Stettin has become a city of death and suicide… Now Karl says: better death in hell than a return to Stettin.”
— Letter by Dora Klecin (April 14, 1946)
“During the Russian occupation of Silesia, people there lived well; they did not lack food, etc. But from July, when the Poles replaced them, everything went downhill. In Breslau the Poles drove Germans out of their apartments, stole furniture and forced them to perform unbearable labor without pay…”
— Letter by P. Richter to Cardinal K. von Preysing, Bishop of Berlin (March 22, 1946)
Published documents state that the Soviet government expressed deep concern regarding the Polish authorities' failure to carry out an organized, humane resettlement as mandated by Potsdam and urged Polish officials to decisively suppress violence in their areas of responsibility.
Every war represents a humanitarian tragedy. Declassifying and publishing comprehensive archival documents remains an essential precondition for preserving an objective historical memory of World War II and understanding the full scale of twentieth-century humanitarian catastrophes in Europe.
© LiveJournal
