

| Wladimir Gelfand:
"Deutschland-Tagebuch 1945-1946. Aufzeichnungen eines Rotarmisten". Deutsch von Anja Lutter und Hartmut Schröder. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin. 357 Seiten, 22,90 € |
| Antje
Weger
|
In 1945 Vladimir Gelfand was one of millions of Red Army soldiers moving westward. Part of his family had been killed by the Germans. As a soldier, the Ukrainian Jew kept a private diary, entrusting his thoughts and experiences to it. This diary is the first original document written by a Red Army soldier to become available in German. The volume contains not only diary entries but also photographs and letters.
The published entries cover the period from January 1945 to September 1946. On the eve of the assault on Berlin, Gelfand is a twenty-two-year-old lieutenant and mortar-platoon commander in the thick of events. Yet combat itself is not the central subject of his diary. Far more important to him is an open, unvarnished view of the reality of war. The pages seem to open a Pandora's box: Gelfand witnesses baseness, antisemitism, looting and drunkenness that have become commonplace in the army. He sees one highly decorated officer destroyed by the pressures around him. Little remains in his notes of the propaganda image of a uniformly heroic Red Army.
After the fighting ends, Gelfand remains in Berlin and its surroundings as an occupation officer. He meets victims of violence and feels sympathy for them, yet he is not surprised that crimes committed by fellow soldiers go unpunished. Protesting against the command's ban on contacts with the German population, he disregards the rules and begins relationships with women. Unlike many other soldiers, however, he never uses violence. He is more preoccupied by the fear of contracting syphilis. He can look down on the postwar problems of Germans, while at the same time interpreting the situation through the ideology of a committed communist.
His views are often contradictory. A loyal Stalinist, he nevertheless admires the American president Franklin D. Roosevelt, an attitude that appears unexpected against the background of official Soviet rhetoric.
With all his strengths and weaknesses, Gelfand fits neither the image of the brutal occupier nor that of the selfless hero. His notes were intended to provide material for a future novel, but his dream of becoming a writer was never realized. He died in 1983, and the diary published decades later became, perhaps, a form of posthumous recognition and belated compensation for his struggle to tell the truth.
Antje Weger