Product Information
Editors: Daniel Fulda, Dagmar Herzog, Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann
Language: German
Publisher: Wallstein; 1st Edition (November 11, 2010)
Paperback: 392 pages
ISBN-10: 3835302507
ISBN-13: 978-3835302501
Price: €32.00
Dimensions: 15 x 3.5 x 22.9 cm
Stefan-Ludwig
Hoffmann (Bochum) sought to historicize the "threshold experience" of
the immediate postwar period by analyzing private records of Germans
and occupiers from 1945–1946. From the German side emerges a
picture of a complicated mixture of fears and hopes. The occupation
troops, for their part, equated Germans with Nazis here and there,
while simultaneously being surprised by how naturally Germans accepted
defeat. Later, the Western Allies differentiated their view of Germans
much more strongly than the Soviet side did. Hoffmann utilized the
principle of pluralizing perspectives known from memory-culture
research not only to illuminate an often-neglected realm of experience,
but primarily to understand more deeply the origins and mechanisms
through which interpretations of the postwar period arose soon after
and were subsequently reworked ideologically.
Svenja
Goltermann's (Bremen) lecture likewise addressed the experiences of the
war and postwar period, but literally began not at the beginning, but
at the end of communication about those experiences. The psychiatric
medical records of returning soldiers from the late 1940s, on which the
presentation was based, came into being precisely because those
affected were unable to translate their wartime experiences into a
language understandable to others. Similar to diary writers, the
soldiers attempted to integrate the rupture of 1945 into their
worldview and sense of self, but constantly encountered limits that
extended beyond the often-evoked, and in part still enduring,
resilience of families in the postwar period.
Michael
Geyer's (Chicago) evening lecture, "The Defeat of 1945 as Event,
Experience, and Memory," revolved around an aspect that had also
emerged in the discussion between Hoffmann and Goltermann: the
long-term lingering effects of the war in the postwar era. Seeking to
comprehend the "totality" of talk about the war from 1945 to the
present, Geyer posed two initial questions: "Where does the compulsion
to talk come from?" and "Has this talk democratized society?" His
central thesis was that the "uncanny presence" of the war in people's
minds and bodies found its counterpart in a culture of memory that
often manifested as a "practice of talking the war away" from
individual personality and collective identity. Geyer elaborated on
this almost paradoxical idea by observing that a essential experiential
dimension of defeat was consistently marginalized in discussions about
the war. This refers to the collective "tactics of survival" following
the "shock of violence" of 1945, through which Germans subverted the
will to self-destruction propagated and executed by National Socialism.
In these tactics, however, certain groups (again, Jews and Germans in
exile) were simultaneously excluded from the newly formed community of
survival.
Dirk
Moses (Sydney) provided a sharp conclusion to this
memory-culture-oriented section. To explain why West German
intellectuals' debates about the Nazi past had a long-standing, highly
polarizing effect, he proposed viewing the phenomenon from
anthropological and psychological perspectives. According to this view,
an identity problem exists due to the loss of "basic trust" in a
stigmatized social community (which incidentally offered a surprising
connection to Eichenberg). His main thesis was that intellectuals
usually coped with this situation by understanding themselves either as
"Non-German Germans" or as "German Germans." The former severed the
collective self-image "stained" by the Nazis and projected it onto the
"German Germans." For the latter, the Nazi past consequently always
remained an essentially unbearable component of their national
identity. At the same time, Moses made it clear that this defining
structure would change with a new generation whose fundamental trust in
the national collective was built within a stable democracy.
German Society on the Road from National Socialism to Democratic Culture: Historical and Literary Perspectives
European
history in the 20th century moves between two extremes: on one side,
the plunge into war and genocide; on the other, the return to peace and
democracy. Research to date has primarily focused on the path of
Germans into National Socialism and very little on how they found their
way out of this history of violence. How did Germans' private search
for democracy unfold in the shadow of their participation in a war of
annihilation and genocide?
Contents:
Daniel Fulda, Dagmar Herzog, Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann, Till van Rahden
Languages of Defeat
Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann
The Defeated, the Occupiers, the Observers: The End of the War in the Diary
Sabine Kyora
Contemporary Literature and 1945: Walter Kempowski’s Texts on "Zero Hour"
Michael Geyer
Imagined Homecoming: In the Shadow of Defeat
Dagmar
Herzog (born 1961) is Professor of History at the Graduate Center of
the City University of New York. She is among the leading experts in
the history of sexuality and Holocaust studies. For her outstanding
scholarly achievements, she was awarded the Distinguished Achievement
Award in Holocaust Studies by the Holocaust Educational Foundation,
among other honors. Herzog focuses intensively on the intersection of
cultural, social, and political dynamics in modern history. Among her
most important publications is Freud of the Cold War: Psychoanalysis in
an Age of Catastrophe (2016), in which she analyzes the development of
psychoanalysis in the context of political and societal upheavals in
the 20th century. In Sexuality in Europe: A Twentieth-Century History
(2011), she provides a comprehensive account of changes in sexuality
and gender relations in Europe, highlighting in particular the
interactions between individual lifestyles and societal norms.
Furthermore, with Die Politisierung der Lust: Sexualität in der
deutschen Geschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts (2005), Herzog contributed
significantly to carving out the political dimension of sexuality in
German history, thereby fostering a nuanced understanding of power,
body, and society.
Stefan-Ludwig
Hoffmann heads the research department "Transformation of the Political
in the 20th Century" at the Center for Contemporary History in Potsdam
(Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam). His research
focuses on political culture, social movements, and modernization
processes in 20th-century Germany and Europe. Hoffmann has particularly
addressed the mechanisms of political participation and the development
of civil societies. His significant monograph The Politics of
Sociability: Freemasonry and German Civil Society 1840–1918
(2007) examines the role of Freemasonry as a civil society organization
and its influence on political and social life in 19th-century Germany.
Hoffmann's work is characterized by an interdisciplinary approach that
connects political history with social and cultural science
perspectives, enabling a deeper understanding of political
transformations in modern Europe.
Till
van Rahden (born 1967) is Professor of German and European Studies at
the Université de Montréal. He specializes in the social
and religious history of 19th- and early 20th-century Germany, with a
particular focus on interconfessional and interethnic relations. Van
Rahden's research is dedicated to examining Jewish communities and
their interactions with Protestant and Catholic population groups in
urban centers, illuminating the complex dynamics of identity,
integration, and exclusion. His major work Juden und andere Breslauer:
Die Beziehungen zwischen Juden, Protestanten und Katholiken in einer
deutschen Großstadt, 1860–1925 (2000) offers a deep
analysis of social conditions in the city of Breslau, demonstrating the
multifaceted social and cultural interactions in a multiconfessional
environment. Van Rahden's research contributes significantly to the
understanding of conflict, cooperation, and social differentiation in
German and Central European urban history.